| 2019 | loss | S3 | R3 | −5 | Integrated Joint Operations Platform (Xinjiang) |
| 2019 | loss | S2 | R3 | −4 | Samagra Vedika (Telangana welfare entity resolution) |
| 2017 | loss | S3 | R1 | −3 | Integrated Joint Operations Platform (Xinjiang) |
| 1992 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | AT&T Voice Recognition Call Processing (HMM/word-spotting speech recognition) |
| 1997 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | USPS handwritten address recognition (learned word recognisers, CEDAR/SUNY Buffalo) |
| 1999 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | USPS Remote Computer Reader / OCR handwritten address recognition |
| 2018 | loss | S1 | R5 | −2 | Learned credit scorecards (Fair Isaac / FICO Score) |
| 2018 | loss | S3 | R0 | −2 | Uber ATG automated driving system |
| 2019 | loss | S3 | R0 | −2 | Meituan / Ele.me algorithmic dispatch and delivery-time estimation |
| 2022 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | naviHealth nH Predict (UnitedHealth) |
| 2023 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | Lavender (IDF target-marking system) |
| 2023 | loss | S3 | R0 | −2 | Police face recognition (Detroit PD, DataWorks Plus) |
| 2025 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | Generative AI cited as a reason for layoffs |
| 2025 | loss | S2 | R1 | −2 | Generative AI in fraud (deepfake video, voice cloning, synthetic text) |
| 2026 | loss | S3 | R0 | −2 | Police facial recognition (Clearview AI, DataWorks Plus and other vendors) |
| 2026 | loss | S1 | R5 | −2 | TikTok automated content moderation |
| 1992 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | IRS Discriminant Function (DIF) audit selection |
| 2007 | loss | S1 | R4 | −1 | Learned credit scorecards (Fair Isaac / FICO Score) |
| 2007 | loss | S1 | R3 | −1 | Credit-based insurance scores (auto insurance) |
| 2009 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Automated licence plate reader optical plate recognition (multi-vendor) |
| 2014 | loss | S1 | R4 | −1 | Automated payment-card fraud scoring (issuer authorisation screening) |
| 2015 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | Computer-aided detection in screening mammography |
| 2015 | loss | S1 | R4 | −1 | Credit scorecards — the people the scorecard cannot see |
| 2016 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | COMPAS recidivism risk score |
| 2018 | loss | S1 | R1 | −1 | Shenzhen traffic-police facial recognition for jaywalking |
| 2019 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | AFR Locate (South Wales Police live facial recognition) |
| 2019 | loss | S2 | R3 | −1 | Kenyan digital-lender credit scoring (M-Shwari, Tala, Branch and others) |
| 2019 | loss | S1 | R0 | −1 | Brazilian state police facial recognition (Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, Paraíba, Ceará) |
| 2020 | loss | S1 | R3 | −1 | Meituan / Ele.me algorithmic dispatch and delivery-time estimation |
| 2021 | loss | S2 | R1 | −1 | Dutch childcare-benefits risk classification model |
| 2021 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Epic Sepsis Model |
| 2021 | loss | S1 | R0 | −1 | ShotSpotter / SoundThinking gunshot detection (Chicago Police Department) |
| 2021 | loss | S1 | R4 | −1 | Learned credit scorecards (Fair Isaac / FICO Score) |
| 2023 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Tesla Autopilot / Autosteer |
| 2023 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | Generative AI in writing-related freelance occupations |
| 2024 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Deepfake video-conference fraud (Arup, Hong Kong) |
| 2024 | loss | S1 | R3 | −1 | Google Ads LLM-driven policy enforcement |
| 2024 | loss | S1 | R0 | −1 | Uber dynamic (upfront) pricing and work allocation |
| 2025 | loss | S1 | R0 | −1 | LLM coding assistants (Claude 3.5/3.7 in Cursor Pro) |
| 2025 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Flock Safety automated licence plate reader network (Johnson County, Texas abortion search) |
| 2025 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | CBP Traveler Verification Service (biometric entry-exit facial comparison) |
| 2025 | loss | S1 | R3 | −1 | ChatGPT |
| 2025 | loss | S1 | R2 | −1 | ChatGPT |
| 2025 | loss | S1 | R3 | −1 | Metropolitan Police live facial recognition (NEC NeoFace Live) |
| 2025 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Flock Safety automated licence plate reader network |
| 2026 | loss | S1 | R0 | −1 | Delhi Police facial recognition system |
| 2026 | loss | S2 | R0 | −1 | Flock Safety automated licence plate reader network |
| 2019 | loss | S1 | R3 | 0 | Facebook ad delivery optimisation |
| 2025 | loss | S0 | R7 | 0 | Spectre: the tax on a trainable branch predictor |
| 2015 | benefit | S1 | R4 | +1 | Netflix recommender system |
| 2017 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | ICRISAT/Microsoft AI Sowing App |
| 2018 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | IDx-DR autonomous diabetic retinopathy detection |
| 2019 | benefit | S2 | R1 | +1 | Deep-learning diabetic retinopathy screening in China's Metabolic Management Centres |
| 2020 | benefit | S2 | R1 | +1 | Qure.ai qXR chest X-ray AI for tuberculosis |
| 2020 | benefit | S2 | R1 | +1 | Novissi emergency cash transfers targeted by a phone-and-satellite poverty model (Togo) |
| 2021 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | TREWS sepsis early warning system |
| 2022 | benefit | S1 | R0 | +1 | GitHub Copilot |
| 2022 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | AI-supported mammography screening (MASAI trial, Transpara) |
| 2022 | benefit | S2 | R1 | +1 | Viz LVO stroke triage (Viz.ai) |
| 2022 | benefit | S3 | R0 | +1 | CAD4TB chest X-ray screening on ultra-portable X-ray, Nigeria |
| 2023 | benefit | S1 | R0 | +1 | ChatGPT (writing tasks, randomised experiment) |
| 2023 | benefit | S1 | R0 | +1 | Generative AI conversational assistant in a call centre |
| 2024 | benefit | S1 | R1 | +1 | Computer-aided polyp detection in colonoscopy (CADe) |
| 2025 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | Rentosertib (ISM001-055), AI-discovered TNIK inhibitor |
| 2025 | benefit | S2 | R1 | +1 | Flock Safety automated licence plate reader network |
| 2025 | benefit | S1 | R0 | +1 | Metropolitan Police live facial recognition (NEC NeoFace Live) |
| 2026 | benefit | S2 | R0 | +1 | Waymo Driver |
| 2026 | benefit | S1 | R0 | +1 | Bahia (SSP-BA) facial recognition network |
| 2007 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Learned credit scorecards (Fair Isaac / FICO Score) |
| 2012 | benefit | S1 | R6 | +2 | HNC/FICO Falcon payment-card fraud detection |
| 2015 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | eBay Machine Translation (eMT) |
| 2015 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Credit scorecards (FICO and successors) |
| 2015 | benefit | S2 | R3 | +2 | M-Shwari algorithmic credit scoring (Safaricom / CBA, Kenya) |
| 2016 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Google Translate (statistical machine translation) |
| 2016 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Google Translate |
| 2016 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Google Translate |
| 2019 | benefit | S1 | R6 | +2 | Learned email spam filtering (Gmail) |
| 2019 | benefit | S1 | R6 | +2 | Gmail spam, phishing and malware classification |
| 2020 | benefit | S1 | R6 | +2 | Google Maps ETA prediction (DeepMind graph neural networks) |
| 2020 | benefit | S2 | R2 | +2 | Infervision / Nankai CT screening for COVID-19 pneumonia |
| 2021 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Learned credit scorecards (Fair Isaac / FICO Score) |
| 2023 | benefit | S2 | R3 | +2 | AlphaFold 2 / AlphaFold Protein Structure Database |
| 2023 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | ChatGPT |
| 2023 | benefit | S2 | R2 | +2 | ARDA (Google/Verily Automated Retinal Disease Assessment), India |
| 2023 | benefit | S2 | R4 | +2 | Kenyan digital-lender credit scoring (M-Shwari, Tala, Branch and others) |
| 2024 | benefit | S1 | R7 | +2 | Visa Advanced Authorization |
| 2024 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | Google/DeepMind AI riverine flood forecasting (Flood Hub) |
| 2025 | benefit | S1 | R7 | +2 | Perceptron branch prediction in CPUs |
| 2025 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | ChatGPT |
| 2026 | benefit | S1 | R5 | +2 | TikTok automated content moderation |